En algún momento de nuestras vidas hemos escuchado la palabra anorexia, es interesante el saber que esta es una enfermedad que suele ser muy común y que puede ocurrir en la vida de cualquier adolescente.
At some point in our lives we have heard the word anorexia, it is interesting to know that this is a disease that is usually very common and that it can occur in the life of any teenager.
Dentro del área medica, la anorexia es un término que se utiliza para hacer referencia a un trastorno de alimentación, éste se caracteriza porque el paciente presenta un peso corporal por debajo de los parámetros normales, existe inapetencia o falta de apetito ya que existe un temor intenso de aumentar de peso.
People who suffer from this eating disorder tend to excessively control their weight and the shape of their body figure, this happens drastically and they can make any sacrifice with the ultimate goal of "not gaining weight" the problem of this eating disorder is when these sacrifices affect the quality of life of that person in a very significant way.
People with anorexia tend to be obsessed with their weight, so they are always measuring how much they weigh several times a day in relation to what they eat.
They make sacrifices in their diet, where a breakfast, lunch or dinner can even be a single glass of water or juice, in order not to harm their weight and body shape.
In addition to that, to avoid gaining weight or continuing to lose weight, they control the calories they will consume, in many cases they do it by taking into account what food they will consume and what the weight of that food is, on other occasions after eating they will want to vomit in order to expel the food they have just eaten.
Con referencia a lo anterior también pueden comenzar a realizar actividades físicas que requieren un mayor esfuerzo a su condición física, por lo que el realizar deporte en exceso solo llevará a perder de forma más rápida su peso.
With reference to the above, they can also begin to perform physical activities that require a greater effort to their physical condition, so that doing sports in excess will only lead to faster weight loss.
In other cases, these types of patients are usually administered laxatives, diuretics or even enemas in order to expel food quickly before being absorbed by the body.
¿Por qué ocurre? / Why happens?
Anorexia goes hand in hand with self-esteem problems, the person who suffers from anorexia tends to look less than the rest of society with respect to the stereotypes that it has created in the world, it is also related to emotional problems, for what is necessary to require psychological and physical help to improve the state of health.
Signos y síntomas / Signs and symptoms
The signs and symptoms will depend on each person, as we do not all act in the same way. The most characteristic features of these patients are usually; the extreme physical weakness that they can present due to lack of food, remember that our body requires energy which is obtained through food to be able to carry out daily activities, and since these patients do not eat properly there will be constant and noticeable physical weakness in the person with anorexia. The person usually looks extremely thin and tends to hide it with loose clothing, likewise when having emotional problems related to self-esteem, they present an unreal perception of their weight and their body shape, so in reality they see themselves with a high body weight. In addition to hiding their thinness, they also hide the way they eat.
Síntomas físicos comunes en la persona con anorexia / Common physical symptoms in the person with anorexia
• Perdida excesiva de peso, por lo que lleva a una desnutrición.
• Fatiga.
• Insomnio.
• Pérdida de cabello por la falta de proteínas.
• Amenorrea en el sexo femenino.
• Xerosis.
• Estreñimiento y dolor abdominal.
• Intolerancia al frío; ocurre ya que no hay grasa corporal que pueda proteger los órganos.
• Hipotensión.
• Deshidratación.
• Excessive weight loss, leading to malnutrition.
• Fatigue.
• Insomnia.
• Hair loss due to lack of protein.
• Amenorrhea in the female sex.
• Xerosis.
• Constipation and abdominal pain.
• Cold intolerance; It happens since there is no body fat that can protect the organs.
• Hypotension
• Dehydration
In addition to this, they can also present emotional and behavioral symptoms, among them is the constant preoccupation with food, which includes skipping meals or not eating as often at the appropriate times, eating foods that only have few calories and low fat content, lying about the amount of food you ate, constantly measuring and weighing yourself for fear of gaining weight, looking in the mirror more often than normal, and may even show a decreased interest in activities such as sexual intercourse.
Con relación a lo anteriormente mencionado la persona con anorexia puede también presentar problemas de salud mental como la depresión, ansiedad, trastornos de la personalidad, o algún otro trastorno del estado de ánimo que favorezca al desarrollo de la anorexia.
In relation to the aforementioned, the person with anorexia may also present mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, personality disorders, or some other mood disorder that favors the development of anorexia.
¿Cuál es la causa de la anorexia? / What is the cause of anorexia?
Como tal, no se conoce una etiología exacta de este trastorno alimenticio, sin embargo se han estudiado varios factores como los psicológicos y sociales que pueden ayudar a desarrollar la anorexia.
As such, an exact etiology of this eating disorder is not known, however several factors such as psychological and social that can help develop anorexia have been studied.
¿Existen complicaciones por la anorexia? / Are there complications from anorexia?
Our body is created to have an ideal weight according to our height and age, having a weight below normal can lead to serious problems of severe malnutrition, so that the body's organs can begin to suffer damage either temporarily or permanently.
¡Consulta a un médico! / Consult a doctor!
Si tú presentas alguno de éstos problemas mencionados anteriormente busca a alguien de confianza en quien puedas mantener un apoyo y hablar sobre el tema, si no tienes apoyo de un amigo o familiar también puedes acudir de forma inmediata a un centro de salud para ser atendido por un profesional médico y psicológico. Ellos no te juzgarán, te ayudarán a salir del problema para favorecer así tu estilo y calidad de vida.
If you have any of these problems mentioned above, look for someone you trust in whom you can maintain support and talk about the issue, if you do not have support from a friend or family member, you can also go immediately to a health center to be treated by a medical and psychological professional. They will not judge you, they will help you out of the problem to favor your style and quality of life.
Si conoces de alguien que esté pasando por una situación familiar y no quiere afrontar su problema, lo ideal es que le ayudes así esta persona se niegue a recibir tu apoyo, recuerda que tienen problemas con respecto a la percepción de su cuerpo por lo tanto ellos siempre buscarán seguir adelgazando. Lo ideal es pedirles de forma empática que hable con un médico y busque ayuda profesional de un psicólogo.
If you know of someone who is going through a family situation and does not want to face their problem, the ideal is that you help them even if this person refuses to receive your support, remember that they have problems regarding the perception of their body therefore they they will always seek to continue losing weight. Ideally, you should empathically ask them to speak with a doctor and seek professional help from a psychologist.
Datos extras / Extra data
✔ La anorexia es más común en el sexo femenino.
✔ Se suele presentar entre los 14 a 40 años de edad.
✔ La edad promedio de mujeres afectadas es comprendida de 15 a 17 años de edad.
✔ Anorexia is more common in females.
✔ It usually occurs between 14 to 40 years of age.
✔ The average age of affected women is between 15 and 17 years old.
Las personas que padecen anorexia suelen negar el tratamiento o la ayuda, por lo que es ideal siempre prestar el apoyo si tienes a alguien cercano con éste problema.
People with anorexia often deny treatment or help, so it is ideal to always provide support if you have someone close to you with this problem.
People with anorexia often deny treatment or help, so it is ideal to always provide support if you have someone close to you with this problem.
▪️ El separador que acabas de ver, es de mi autoridad.
▪️ Las imágenes que acabas de ver, son de mi autoridad.
▪️ La información que acabas de leer es mi pequeña experiencia en el servicio de medicina interna en el hospital central de Barquisimeto.
▪️ The separator you just saw is from my authority.
▪️ The images you just saw are my authority.
▪️ The information you just read is my little experience in the internal medicine service at the central hospital in Barquisimeto.
Me gusta enseñar sobre las cosas que sé, y dar así un poquito de mi para ustedes, muchas gracias por leer, cualquier comentario o alguna duda que tengas será bien recibida.
I like to teach about the things I know, and thus give a little of myself to you, thank you very much for reading, any comments or questions you have will be well received.
Técnica superior universitaria de enfermería / Higher university nursing technique. - @arisita
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