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Plate (Anode): Positioned across from the heater, the plate's role is to collect electrons emitted by the heater. When electrons travel from the heater to the plate, they generate an electric current.
Grid: Situated between the heater and the plate, the grid’s job is to control and modulate the flow of electrons. By varying the voltage applied to the grid, one can influence how many electrons make it from the heater to the plate, effectively controlling the current.