Part 10/15:
Throughout his treatise, Musashi underscores core principles applicable beyond swordsmanship: timing, attitude, perception, and the importance of mental discipline. He advocates:
The "five attitudes"—upper, middle, lower, left, and right—each representing different positions and mindsets, with the ultimate goal of spontaneity and fluidity.
The necessity of mental calmness—stating that a calm, unbiased mind is essential whether fighting a single opponent or commanding armies.
The importance of posture and stance—advising warriors to maintain a natural, alert attitude that minimizes unnecessary movement and maximizes effectiveness.