Part 6/14:
The late medieval period was marred by internal conflicts and external threats, notably the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453), a protracted conflict with England. Key moments include the Battle of Agincourt (1415), Joan of Arc's pivotal role in lifting the English siege of Orléans (1429), and the eventual French victory at the Battle of Castillon, ending the war.
The Renaissance and Early Modern France
Following the war, France experienced a renaissance of arts, culture, and political consolidation. The marriage of Anne of Brittany and Charles VII in 1491 united Brittany with France, strengthening national unity.