Part 9/17:
Enslaved Africans and maroons organized numerous revolts, integrating their cultural and spiritual traditions with resistance strategies. Leaders such as Makandal, a famous guerrilla and herbalist believed to have mystical powers, launched major insurrections. His rebellion in the 18th century involved acts of sabotage, poisoning, and coordinated attacks, challenging the colonial system. Despite brutal crackdowns—many rebels executed or exiled—these uprisings kept the flame of resistance alive in the shadows of plantation America.