Part 12/21:
Modern Political Science
In the 19th century, political thought began to be formalized into a scientific discipline. Thinkers like Tocqueville and Marx analyzed democracy and social relations, while institutions like Sciences Po emerged to train elites with a rational, evidence-based approach to governance. Post-World War II, the discipline further specialized into areas like political theory, sociology, public policy, and international relations, employing empirical methods like surveys, statistical analyses, and ethnography.