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At the heart of Estonia's digital success lies the e-Estonia system—a comprehensive online platform that replaces most traditional government interactions. Citizens utilize a single digital ID based on a unique public number, which provides access to numerous services. This ID is secured through blockchain technology, ensuring decentralized, transparent, and tamper-proof records while maintaining individual privacy.
Most personal transactions—applying for a loan, filling prescriptions, updating personal information—are performed through this portal. Remarkably, only three major life events—getting married, getting divorced, and buying or selling real estate—still require in-person procedures.