Part 3/7:
Epstein introduces the concept of learning environments, which range from "kind" to "wicked."
Kind environments are simple, rules-based, and predictable—like chess, where recognizing patterns can lead to mastery.
Wicked environments, on the other hand, are complex, ambiguous, and constantly changing. Here, information is often incomplete or delayed, making straightforward skill acquisition less effective.
Most modern work and learning situations fall into the wicked category. Success in these realms requires a broad, flexible base of knowledge. Instead of specializing narrowly early, individuals need to develop sampling—a wide array of skills and ideas—allowing them to adapt as contexts change.