Part 4/13:
Frank introduces the concept that every developed nation shares a foundation of four "pillars": a common language, ethnicity, religion, and history—what he refers to as the "WASP" elements that historically underpinned Western development. These create a unified national identity and cultural coherence, facilitating economic and infrastructural growth. African countries, on the other hand, lack these unifying elements; their borders are arbitrary, imposed by colonizers, without a shared language, ethnicity, or history. As a result, forging national unity and long-term development becomes an insurmountable challenge.