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According to experts, in our brain there are about 100 billion neurons, roughly the number of stars in the Milky Way, each with thousands of connections to other neurons communicating with each other through electrical stimuli.
Según los expertos en nuestro cerebro hay unos 100.000 millones de neuronas, aproximadamente el número de estrellas de la Vía láctea, cada una de ellas con miles de conexiones a otras neuronas comunicarse entre ellas a través de estímulos eléctricos.
Optogenetics is the technique to control the activation of neurons through laser stimuli (opto) in genetically modified neurons with a protein (genetics) capable of converting those laser pulses into electrical stimuli that activate neurons.
La optogenética es la técnica para controlar la activación de las neuronas mediante estímulos láser(opto) en neuronas genéticamente modificadas con una proteína(genética) capaz de convertir esos esos pulsos láser en estímulos eléctricos que activen las neuronas.
Roughly speaking, it is about genetically modifying neurons to place "switches" capable of turning the neuron on or off through pulses of light, these switches are proteins that convert a certain type of light into electrical impulses, called opsins.
Grosso modo se trata de modificar genéticamente las neuronas para colocarles "interruptores" capaces de activar o desactivar la neurona mediante pulsos de luz, estos interruptores son unas proteínas que convierten determinado tipo de luz en impulsos eléctricos, llamadas opsinas.
Source
Opsins are proteins present in some microorganisms and were discovered by studying the behavior of some of these, capable of moving in the direction of a light source.
Las opsinas son proteínas presentes en algunos microorganismos y se descubrieron estudiando el comportamiento de algunos de éstos, capaces de desplazarse en la dirección de una fuente luminosa.
To place these switches in neurons, they do so through specialized viruses that are used as a vector to introduce into the neuron the DNA changes necessary for it to produce the opsins in the neurons to be investigated.
Para colocar estos interruptores en las neuronas, lo hacen a través de unos virus especializados que se utilizan como vector para introducir en la neurona los cambios de ADN necesarios para que ella misma produzca las opsinas en las neuronas que se desea investigar.
Basically two types of opsins are used, one of them activates neurons and responds only to blue light, the other deactivates the neuron and responds to yellow light, with this we only have to emit blue or yellow laser pulses to be able to activate and disable neurons at will.
Se utilizan básicamente dos tipos de opsinas, una de ellas activa las neuronas y responde solo a la luz azul, la otra desactiva la neurona y responde a la luz amarilla, con esto solo tenemos que emitir pulsos de láser azul o amarillo para poder activar y desactivar neuronas a placer.
Fuente
All this with unprecedented speed and precision thanks to technological advances, being able to study the behavior of large groups of neurons and understand their operation.
Todo esto con una rapidez y precisión sin precedentes gracias a los avances tecnológicos, pudiendo estudiar el comportamiento de grandes grupos de neuronas y comprender su funcionamiento.
At the moment it is only used with animals but it has already served to help understand diseases such as epilepsy, addictions, sleep disorders, etc., hopefully it will soon have practical applications in humans.
De momento solo se utiliza con animales pero ya ha servido para ayudar a comprender enfermedades como la epilepsia, las adicciones, trastornos del sueño, etc., esperemos que pronto tenga aplicaciones prácticas en humanos.
Hola @mauromar, Esto es muy complicado lo dejare para después. Que tenga una feliz tarde.
Haces bien, cuando necesites saberlo seguro que ya ha cambiado todo.
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Cada día me acojonas más...
En alguna de estas lo mismo aciertan a acabar con la estupidez. ;-)
Hello @mauromar
I didn't know that you mentioned, first time I read that name. But it's interesting,. What is related to technology, at the moment, is going to continue to advance, and as they continue to improve the devices for studies, more will be known about the smaller things
Hola @mauromar
No conocía eso que mencionas, primera vez que leo ese nombre. Pero es interesante,. Lo que este relacionado con tecnología, actualmente, va a seguir avanzando, y mientras sigan mejorarndo los aparatos para estudios, más se sabre sobre las cosas más pequeñas
Estas cosas, cuando menos, acojonan. ;-)
Hello excellent friend and interesting publication, the truth is that I did not know that term but I believe that every day the technology includes much more, it is important to see that at level of health the things can improve, many people would be benefited from this great invention. It would just be a matter of everyone having access to it.
It is true that it seems that all the new disruptive technologies fit very well in medicine and nowadays technology is very accessible to everyone and this will help make progress available to the whole planet, at least I believe and hope so ;-)
Good article, let's say that in a few years that could become a reality I wonder if the military industry would use it to control people's behavior through a virus. the scenario is terrifying
Yes, this is very scary...