(Eng/Esp) Principio de funcionamiento y reparación: Autoclave Hospitalario

in StemSocial2 years ago

Diseño Original en App photoroom



Que tal mis amigos y amigas de la comunidad @stemsocial siempre es un placer para mi crear contenido relacionado a mi profesión. Como ya he mencionado anteriormente, soy T.S.U en electromedicina y cursante del ultimo trimestre de ingeniería biomédica en la UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EXPERIMENTAL FRANCISCO DE MIRANDA (ESTADO FALCÓN-VENEZUELA). Hoy voy a hablarles de un equipo usado para esterilizar material medico e instrumental quirúrgico, el AUTOCLAVE HOSPITALARIO.

Hello my friends of the @stemsocial community, it is always a pleasure for me to create content related to my profession. As I have mentioned before, I am a T.S.U. in electromedicine and a student of the last trimester of biomedical engineering at the UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EXPERIMENTAL FRANCISCO DE MIRANDA (FALCÓN-VENEZUELA STATE). Today I am going to talk about an equipment used to sterilize medical material and surgical instruments, the HOSPITAL AUTOCLAVE.

¿Que es un autoclave hospitalario?


What is a hospital autoclave?


Fotografía Original


Un autoclave hospitalario es un equipo usado para esterilizar el material sanitario utilizado en centros hospitalarios, este material incluye : instrumental quirúrgico, batas de cirujano, conexiónes y mangueras y mas. Los microorganismos son eliminados mediante presion de vapor y alta temperatura.

A hospital autoclave is an equipment used to sterilize the sanitary material used in hospital centers, this material includes: surgical instruments, surgical gowns, connections and hoses and more. Microorganisms are killed by steam pressure and high temperature.

¿Como funciona un autoclave hospitalario?


How does a hospital autoclave work?


Fuente


La función de un autoclave hospitalario es esterilizar el material sanitario utilizado en diversos procedimientos. Pero la manera en que elimina los microorganismos es mediante la alta presión de vapor que se genera dentro del equipo, la temperatura también se incrementa hasta mas de 100 grados centigrados. No obstante, existen bacterias, virus y otros microorganismos que son capaces de sobrevivir a temperaturas de mas de 100 grados Celsius. Por ello, el autoclave posee internamente un calderín. Internamente en el calderín, hay una resistencia eléctrica alimentada con 440VAC, la función del calderín es generar vapor, esto lo hace calentando agua adentro del dispositivo y generando un vapor que se va acumulando dentro de la chaqueta del equipo. Cuando al fin se alcanza una presión lo suficientemente alta, esta se inyecta en la cámara donde se encuentra el material quirúrgico, este material se expone a la alta presión de vapor durante aproximadamente 30minutos y luego, ese vapor es extraído mediante una válvula de escape que va a un desagüe en un proceso de secado del material.

The function of a hospital autoclave is to sterilize the sanitary material used in various procedures. But the way it eliminates microorganisms is by means of the high steam pressure generated inside the equipment, the temperature also increases to more than 100 degrees Celsius. However, there are bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms that are capable of surviving temperatures of more than 100 degrees Celsius. For this reason, the autoclave has an internal boiler. Internally in the boiler, there is an electrical resistance fed with 440VAC, the function of the boiler is to generate steam, this is done by heating water inside the device and generating a steam that accumulates inside the jacket of the equipment. When a sufficiently high pressure is finally reached, it is injected into the chamber where the surgical material is located, this material is exposed to the high steam pressure for approximately 30 minutes and then, this steam is extracted through an exhaust valve that goes to a drain in a drying process of the material.

¿Que falla tenía el Autoclave que les mostré en la foto?


What was wrong with the Autoclave I showed you in the picture?


El Autoclave que les mostré en la fotografía es un equipo que me pidieron chequear en una clínica de mi ciudad. Tenía un problema con el sistema eléctrico. Específicamente con un "Timer" o un controlador de ciclos, un dispositivo con el cual se controla el tiempo de esterilización. Me llevé este dispositivo al taller, donde tenia todas las herramientas necesarias para su reparación. Al ser un dispositivo con un funcionamiento electrónico, comencé a probar cada componente y realizar algunas pruebas para detectar la falla.

The Autoclave I showed you in the picture is an equipment that I was asked to check in a clinic in my city. It had a problem with the electrical system. Specifically with a "Timer" or a cycle controller, a device with which the sterilization time is controlled. I took this device to the workshop, where I had all the necessary tools to repair it. Being an electronically operated device, I began to test each component and perform some tests to detect the failure.

Fotografía Original


Acá en la fotografía se puede ver el controlador de tiempo del autoclave. Este es el responsable de la falla del equipo. Procedimos a desarmarlo y chequearlo.


Here in the picture you can see the time controller of the autoclave. This is responsible for the failure of the equipment. We proceeded to disassemble and check it.


Fotografía Original



Aquí se pueden apreciar los componentes electrónicos, algunos capacitores, resistores y diodos que hay que comprobar.


Here you can see the electronic components, some capacitors, resistors and diodes to be tested.


Fotografía Original



Aquí encontramos al responsable de la falla. Un capacitor electrolítico que se encontraba dañado. Estos componentes pierden sus propiedades con el pasar del tiempo , este componente electrónico fue reemplazado y el controlador de tiempo (Timer) quedó funcionando de manera correcta.


Here we found the culprit of the failure. An electrolytic capacitor that was damaged. These components lose their properties over time, this electronic component was replaced and the time controller (Timer) was working properly.


Conclusiones sobre el tema


Conclusions on the topic


Fotografía Original


El equipo queda operativo y en condiciones de usarlo de manera normal. Este tipo de procedimientos técnicos son parte de mi rutina de trabajo. Espero que esta publicación haya podido aportar algo de valor a la comunidad y si llegaron hasta el final, espero que hayan aprendido un poco acerca del funcionamiento de estos equipos de uso hospitalario. Quiero agradecer de antemano el tiempo que se han tomado en leer este post. Muchas gracias y nos seguiremos leyendo.

The equipment is operational and ready for normal use. This type of technical procedures are part of my work routine. I hope that this publication has been able to contribute something of value to the community and if you made it to the end, I hope you have learned a little about the operation of these hospital equipment. I want to thank you in advance for taking the time to read this post. Thank you very much and we will keep reading.


Diseño Original


Imágenes originales tomadas con mi celular UMIDIGI A9, diseños originales editados y creados en photoroom app, imágenes no originales extraídas de www.istockphoto.com y texto traducido en www.deepl.com.


Original images taken with my UMIDIGI A9 cell phone, original designs edited and created in photoroom app, non-original images extracted from www.istockphoto.com and text translated at www.deepl.com.

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I never thought that I would see how an autoclave works! lol thanks for bringing it
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 2 years ago  

What I find the most amazing is that the clinic has personal (i.e. you; I assumed they hired you somehow; am I correct?) dedicated to fixing those device. Here in France, hospitals and universities (and probably many more public services) have lost expertise by relying on external companies for many little things. Apparently, this costs less money. I am by far not convinced.

On different grounds, I am wondering how big those autoclave machines are? How much tools can we put in it?

Thanks in advance for your answers.

Cheers!

Los capacitores suelen ser siempre un punto de falla, que bueno que ellos presentan una "bandera" para indicar que están en falla (la mayoría de las veces sufren un cambio físico visible). He trabajado con autoclave pero en la industria petrolera, no alcancé a leer la magnitud en la presión con que trabajan esos equipos pero los que he trabajado exijen autoclave a partir de los 10mil PSI. Estuvo excelente su artículo.