VESSELS OF LOWER LIMB,POPLITEAL FOSSA AND ARCHES OF FOOT

in StemSocial2 years ago (edited)

Hello everybody,how are you all? Hope you are all doing well and i am too.now we come to end of the lowerlimb in learning and it is the final post of lowerlimb and i am going to tell about the remaining part of lowerlimb i.e., Vessels of lowerlimb,Popliteal fossa and Arches of foot

VESSELS OF LOWERLIMB

We already learned about femoral artery and in femoral traingle that is the main artery that is going to supply with its branches and here we have to discuss one important branch which is Profunda femoris artery.it gives Perforating branches of four in number 2nd perforating artery is nutrient artery of femur that we already learned.it also gives Medial circumflex femoral artery and Lateral circumflex artery as branches.these branches play key role in anastomosis.

There are two important anastomosis at the back of thigh -

  1. Cruciate anastomosis

It is formed by -

  • Inferior gluteal artery
  • Medial circumflex artery
  • Lateral circumflex artery
  • 1st perforating branch
  1. Trochanteric anastomosis

It is formed by -

  • Branch from inferior gluteal artery
  • Superior gluteal artery
  • Branch from medial circumflex artery
  • Branch from lateral circumflex artery

You can understand what i said above by below diagram

Untitled65_20220816231842.png

POPLITEAL FOSSA

It is a fossa present behind knee joint

It has 4 boundaries

Untitled66_20220816233242.png

Borders-of-the-Popliteal-Fossa.png
Image source

BoundariesMuscles
SuperomediallySemitendinosus,Semimembranosus
SuperolaterallyBiceps femoris
InferomediallyMedial head of gastrocnemius
InferolaterallyLateral head of gastrocnemius,Plantaris

It has floor and roof.so lets learn what are they made up of

FLOOR

  • Popliteal surface of the femur(along with popliteal fat)
  • capsule of knee joint
  • Popliteus muscle

Untitled67_20220816234108.png

From semimembranosus tendon there comes an extension in the posterior surface of kneee joint(above the floor of popliteal fossa).It is called Oblique popliteal ligament
Popliteal artery which is passing on the surface of this ligament gives a branch called Middle genicular artery and it pierces the ligamnet and supplies two important ligaments of knee joint Anterior cruciate ligament and Posterior cruciate ligament.you can understand by below schematic diagram.

Untitled68_20220816234801.png

ROOF

Roof of popliteal fossa is formed by -

  • Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
  • Posterior division of medial cutaneous nerve of the thigh
    -Lateral cutaneous nerve of calf
  • small saphenous vein

Untitled69_20220816235552.png

Small saphenous vein drain into Popliteal vein and great saphenous vein drain into femoral vein(do you remember this)

CONTENTS OF POPLITEAL FOSSA

What are present in Popliteal fossa?

Lets see the below image how what are present and how they are arranged from Deep to superficial

Contents-of-the-Popliteal-Fossa-TeachMeAnatomy.jpg
Image source

  • Popliteal artery
  • Popliteal vein
  • Sciatic vein
  • Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

Clinical Aspects of Popliteal fossa

Two swellings are seen in this fossa -
Bakers cyst and Popliteal aneurysm*

BAKERS CYST
It is inflammation and swelling of semimembranosus bursa and it looks like this

a00799f03_bakers-cyst_kh-01-002-min.jpg
Image source
It resolves on its own slowly.

POPLITEAL ARTERY ANEURYSM

It compresses on tibial nerve in some cases causes paresthesia

aneurysm-popliteal-294x275.gif
Image source

ARCHES OF FOOT

When we are walking on flat road or surface we walk easily without difficult but it is not easy to walk on uneven surface or climbing mountains if we have flat foot.flat foot is common in children upto 2-3 years of age thats why they are unable to walk easily and they fall easily.

Child_Feet.jpg
Image source

soso-kalimann-baby (1).gif
GIF

Once look at your foot from all angles and foot is your foot flat? Mine is "NO" and i hope yours too.If your foot is flat? then go to Doctor😀.
Pes planus(flat foot)
image9.jpg
Image source

Our foot is not flat at all.it has a good shape and it has Arches.these arches help us to stand walk and climb the mountains and walk on uneven surface easily.arches of foot start to develop at two to three years of age

What are the things which makes our foot arched? Lets learn......

TARSAL BONES

First we need to understand what are bones present in foot.the bones present in foot are called Tarsal bones

Untitled70_20220817234214.png

  • Calcaneum
  • Talus
  • Navicular bone
  • Cuboid(lateral)
  • 3 Cuneiform bones
    The two arches which are important Medial longitudinal ligament and Lateral longitudinal ligament
    And there are transverse arches also but longitudinal arches are important ones.

The-Longitudinal-Arches-of-the-Foot-1024x359.png
Image source

StructuresMedial longitudinal archLater longitudinal arch
BonesCalcaneum,Talus,Navicular,3 cuneiform,1st,2nd&3rd metatarsalsCalcaneum,Cuboid,4th,5th metatarsals
Summit(the bone which bears most of the weight)TalusCalcaneum
JointTalocalcaneonavicular joint(Ball and socket joint)Calcaneocuboid joint
LigamentSpring ligamentShort and long plantar ligaments
SlingTibials anterior,Tibialis posterior(major),Flexor digitorum longusPeroneus longus(major),Peroneus brevis
Tie-beamPlantar aponeurosisPlantar aponeurosis

6895d4cc16e9c370b9843d08b699e774.jpg
Image source

Clinical aspects

If arches of foot are not good then we can see this condition known as Pes cavus

In this condition,more pressure is on the heel due to higher arch of the foot and pateint feels pain while walking

image8.jpg

Image source

Now we finished lower limb and i hope you learned from posts and earned some knowledge about our body and i request
you to go through my previous posts once again and read daily and memorize them they are helpful to you in your exams too and.i am putting links of my previous posts here so you can read them.

Lumbosacral plexus

Common peroneal nerve

Tibial nerve

Femoral nerve and Obturator nerve

Femoral triangle and gluteal region

Thanks for reading,
With regards

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Excellent post Doctor, very nice, very well organized, creative, congratulations.
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