Thank you for this excellent analysis of a passage that has caused a lot of confusion. Going back to the original Greek and Hebrew words is so helpful. When it comes to governments and their authority, or lack thereof when it comes to Believers, I also think of the following passages, in fact, I was just reading these this morning so your post was very timely for me;
1 Samuel 10:19
"But you have today rejected your God, who delivers you from all your calamities and your distresses; yet you have said, 'No, but set a king over us!' Now therefore, present yourselves before the LORD by your tribes and by your clans."
1 Samuel 12:12
But the thing displeased Samuel, when they said, Give us a king to judge us. And Samuel prayed unto the LORD.
"When you saw that Nahash the king of the sons of Ammon came against you, you said to me, 'No, but a king shall reign over us,' although the LORD your God was your king.
1 Samuel 12:17
"Is it not the wheat harvest today? I will call to the LORD, that He may send thunder and rain. Then you will know and see that your wickedness is great which you have done in the sight of the LORD by asking for yourselves a king."
1 Samuel 8;9
Now therefore hearken unto their voice: however protest solemnly unto them, and show them the manner of the king that shall reign over them.
1 Samuel 8;11-15
So Samuel spoke all the words of the LORD to the people who had asked of him a king. He said, "This will be the procedure of the king who will reign over you: he will take your sons and place them for himself in his chariots and among his horsemen and they will run before his chariots. He will appoint for himself commanders of thousands and of fifties, and some to do his plowing and to reap his harvest and to make his weapons of war and equipment for his chariots. He will also take your daughters for perfumers and cooks and bakers. He will appoint for himself commanders of thousands and of fifties, and some to do his plowing and to reap his harvest and to make his weapons of war and equipment for his chariots. He will also take your daughters for perfumers and cooks and bakers. He will take the best of your fields and your vineyards and your olive groves and give them to his servants. He will take a tenth of your seed and of your vineyards and give to his officers and to his servants.
Certainly sounds familiar.
Psalm 20;7
Some trust in chariots, and some in horses: but we will remember the name of the LORD our God.
Thanks, friend, for the encouragement, and for sharing these other scriptures that show God's attitude towards usurping human "government" quite plainly. :D