Two proposals to boost Bitcoin's transactional capacity reach the deadline, a proposal known as SegWit2x has perhaps received the most attention.The plan, first proposed in May, quickly won favor among many of Bitcoin's startups and mining pools. However, it has also emerged as contentious in some sectors, due to its specific objectives and technical construction.
提高Bitcoin的交易能力的兩項建議達到最後期限，稱為SegWit2x的提案也許受到最多的關注。該計劃首先在5月份提出，很快贏得了Bitcoin的許多創業公司和採礦池的青睞。 但由於其具體目標和技術性建設，部分行業也出現了爭議。
But what is at the heart of the arguments for and against?
First, SegWit2x is looking to update bitcoin in two ways:
It would set the Segregated Witness (SegWit) code optimization proposal, which alters the way some data is stored on the network.
但反對的理由是什麼呢？
首先，SegWit2x正在以兩種方式更新比特幣：
它將設置“隔離見證人”（SegWit）代碼優化方案，改進了一些數據存儲在網絡上的方式。
It would set up a timeline to increase the block size of the network to 2MB, up to 1MB today, to be activated approximately three months after the SegWit activation.
Understanding the proposal well can be a challenge. Although technical, the proposal is also political and philosophical (and some will say, personal).
However, the details of the discussion revolve around the basic facts about the current network design and performance.
它將設置一個時間線，將網絡的塊大小增加到2MB，今天高達1MB，在SegWit激活後大約三個月被激活。
了解這個建議可能是一個挑戰。 雖然技術上，建議也是政治和哲學（有些會說個人的）。
但是，討論的細節是關於當前網絡設計和性能的基本事實。
These include:
Bitcoin is currently limited in the number of transactions it can process. Today, you can only process up to 1MB of transactions approximately every 10 minutes.
Because of this limit, transactions take longer to be approved during times of heavy use.
這些包括：
Bitcoin目前在其可處理的交易數量上受到限制。 今天，每10分鐘最多只能處理1MB的交易。
由於這個限制，在大量使用的時間內，交易需要更長時間才能被批准。
Since all users pay a fee to miners for transactions, this space limitation has increased average cost of the fees.
Increasing the size of the block makes network nodes more expensive, since node operators must store the complete copy of the block chain as computer files.
由於所有用戶都為礦工支付交易費用，因此這一空間限制增加了平均費用。
增加塊的大小使網絡節點更加昂貴，因為節點運算符必須將塊鏈的完整副本存儲為計算機文件。
The basics
To begin with, SegWit2x is not the first proposal to scale Bitcoin's transaction capacity.
SegWit2x, however, differs in some key ways.
These include:
It was not presented or approved by Bitcoin Core, the network's main open source development team.
It does not introduce new ideas but rather combines the proposals previously given by several developers in a new way.
基礎
首先，SegWit2x不是規模比特幣交易量的第一個提案。
然而，SegWit2x在一些關鍵方面有所不同。
這些包括：
該網絡的主要開源開發團隊Bitcoin Core沒有提交或批准。
它不會引入新的想法，而是以前面提到的幾個開發人員提出的新方法。
As noted above, these ideas include:
SegWit: An optimization proposed by Bitcoin Core developer Pieter Wuille in late 2015, SegWit increases the volume of transactions that fit each block without increasing the block size parameter. Specifically, it also eliminates the malleability of transactions, a problem that once solved could lead to a series of improvements in the network.
An increase in block size: The change, proposed as a scaling solution, simply involves updating software rules to allow 2 MB blocks. Some alternative implementations of bitcoin (Bitcoin XT, Bitcoin Classic and Bitcoin Unlimited) came up with the aim of increasing the bitcoin block size parameter. But none has yet reached the necessary threshold of support.
如上所述，這些想法包括：
SegWit：Bitcoin Core開發人員Pieter Wuille在2015年底提出的優化，SegWit增加了適合每個塊的事務量，而不增加塊大小參數。 具體來說，它也消除了交易的可延展性，一旦解決的問題可能導致網絡的一系列改進。
塊大小增加：作為縮放解決方案提出的更改只需要更新軟件規則以允許2 MB塊。 比特幣（Bitcoin XT，Bitcoin Classic和Bitcoin Unlimited）的一些替代實現提出了增加比特幣塊大小參數的目的。 但還沒有達到必要的支持門檻。
SegWit was officially released last November, giving network users the option to run it. But, for technical reasons, it required that the mining pools activate the change, and have been hesitant to adopt the change for a variety of reasons.
SegWit2x is being deployed on the testnet to all members of the working group on July 14, and the adoption period begins July 21, with a deadline of August 1 for support needed to avoid problems.
SegWit去年11月正式發布，為網絡用戶提供了運行它的選擇。 但是，由於技術上的原因，要求採礦池啟動變更，並因為各種原因而猶豫採取變更。
SegWit2x正在7月14日在工作組的所有成員上部署到testnet上，採用期從7月21日開始，截止8月1日為了避免問題需要支持。
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Stolen without attribution from here: https://www.coindesk.com/explainer-what-is-segwit2x-and-what-does-it-mean-for-bitcoin/