History of the oldest culture on the Continent Africa can be found in the river valley Nile. Civilization of the Nile River Valley in Egypt, Africa, born due to soil fertility in the vicinity of the resulting river valley
by the floods carrying mud. This thing which attracts and encourages human attention to build life and civilization.
The Nile is located in the country of Egypt now. Nile River Valley civilization is also called with ancient Egyptian civilization. Greatness and glory of civilization this can still be seen from many historic buildings there are in Egypt today like Pyramids, Sphinx, and Obelisk. Egypt is an area located in northern Africa and has strategic location because it is in the meeting point between Asia, Europe,
and Africa. The Nile River that flows in this country is the longest river in this world. This river flows from central Africa through Egypt and empties in the Mediterranean. The Nile River comes from a spring located on the mainland high East Africa. The Nile is the longest river in the world ie reaching 6400 kilometers. The Nile is sourced from the spring on the plains high (mountain) Kilimanjaro in East Africa.
There are four countries that passed the Nile, namely Uganda, Sudan, Ethiopia, and Egypt. Herodotus dubbed Egypt the Reward of the River Nile. It is based on the fact that Egyptian civilization grew and developed due to the fertility of the regions around the Nile River. Every year, the Nile always floods carrying mud to the land of Egypt.
The Old Age of the Kingdom of Egypt (3400-2160)
Estimated 5000 BC, various small settlements were erected around the Nile River. Centuries later the village was transformed into an empire called mones. In the next development mones develop into two major kingdoms namely Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt. The kings who reigned in Egypt were always called Pharaoh or Pharaoh. Pharaoh means "Great House". The pharaoh was the center of the social, political, and religious life of the Ancient Egyptians.
During the Old Egyptian Kingdom there were many kings who ruled in Egypt, among others, as follows.
1. Menes
Menes is a leader who can unite Upper Egypt with Lower Egypt. His successful efforts to unite the two kingdoms it caused him to get the nickname of Nesutbiti (King of crowned twins). The Kingdom is based in Thinis.
2. Chufu, Chepren, and Menkaure
In the third period of the king, came the culture to preserve corpse by way of embalmed (Mummy). The effort to preserve the corpse was based on the belief that people will live for as long as the remains are
intact. The mummy is buried in a mastaba in the form of a tomb the so-called pyramids. In almost every pyramid there is always a lion-headed human-shaped statue called Sphinx.
3. Pepi I
During the reign of Pepi I, the Egyptian kingdom expanded the region his authority reached the territory of Sudan (Nubia) and Abessyiria.
4. Pepi II
Egyptian power weakened, so the Egyptian Empire of thousands of cities in Memphis experienced disintegration and turned into a kingdom small ones. The divisions in the body of the Egyptian Empire were largely attributable by the divisions among the nobility that had an impact on the instability of Egypt.
The Age of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2160-1788 BC)
1. Sesotris III
This king managed to reunite Egypt back from the split experienced during the time of King Pepi II. In addition to successfully unifying Egypt, he also managed to expand the territory of Egypt to Sudan, Palestine, and to the area Sichem. The Egyptian people's economy is growing and crowded due to the king's ability to connect with countries around the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. The bustling trade had an impact on the increasing level of welfare of the population. The stability in the economy will have an effect on the stability of politics, especially with the success of Sesotris unifying his ruptured kingdom.
2. Amenemhet III
In the time of King Amenemhet III, the Egyptian economy was progressing especially in agriculture. The Egyptians rely on Nile River besides as a means of transportation, trade, is also used and used for agriculture. The Nile is always overflowing in a year used by farmers to fertilize the land his farm. The Nile River flood always wetted the long dikilokilo desert. The farmers with the help of pastors, always prepare a place to accommodate the flooding of the Nile, so when flooding has subsided, so farmers use it to plant with plant. The advancement and fertility of Egypt turned out to invite disaster, because in 1750 BC, the Hyksos attacked Egypt. That matter causing the Kingdom of Egypt to decline. The Hykos are in power in Egypt, and made Awiris City its capital. From this Awiris The Hyksos launched another attack on several parts of Egypt, Palestine and Syria.
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