hii steemit ... i will make an article to history of war aceh against dutch.
The Aceh War was the war of the Sultanate of Atjeh against the Dutch from 1873 to 1904. The Aceh Sultanate surrendered in 1904, but the Acehnese resistance with guerrilla warfare continued. On March 26, 1873 the Dutch declared war on Aceh, & began firing a cannon fire into the mainland of Aceh from the warship Citadel van Antwerpen. On April 8, 1873, the Dutch landed on Ceureumen Beach under the command of Johan Harmen Rudolf Köhler, and immediately mastered the Great Mosque of Baiturrahman. Köhler then carried 3. 198 soldiers. A total of 168 of them were officers.
The Aceh War was caused by: The Dutch occupied the Siak area. As a result of the 1858 Siak Treaty. Where Sultan Ismail handed over Deli, Langkat, Asahan & Serdang areas to the Netherlands, whereas those areas since Sultan Iskandar Muda, were under the control of Aceh. The Dutch violated the Siak treaty, the end of the London agreement of 1824. The contents of the London agreement were the Netherlands and Great Britain to make provisions on the boundaries of power of the two regions in Southeast Asia with the latitude of Singapore. Both recognize the sovereignty of Aceh. Aceh accused the Dutch of failing to keep its promise, so that Dutch ships passing through the waters of Aceh were drowned out by the Aceh forces. This Aceh act is supported by Britain. The opening of the Suez Canal by Ferdinand de Lesseps. Causing Aceh's waters to be very important for trade traffic. The signing of the 1871 London Agreement between Britain and the Netherlands, which in its contents, Britain gave the Dutch freedom to take action in Aceh. The Dutch must maintain the security of traffic in the Malacca Strait. The Dutch allowed Britain to trade freely in Siak & surrender its territory in Western Guyana to Britain. Due to the Sumatran 1871 agreement, Aceh established diplomatic relations with the US Consul, the Kingdom of Italy, the Ottoman Empire in Singapore. And sent emissaries to the Ottoman Turks in 1871. Due to Aceh's diplomatic relations with the American Consul, Italy & Turkey in Singapore, the Dutch made it an excuse to attack Aceh. Vice President of the Council of the Indies Frederik Nicolaas Nieuwenhuijzen with his two warships came to Aceh & asked for information from the Sultan Machmud Shah about what had been discussed in Singapore, but Sultan Machmud refused to give details.
Snouck Hurgronje Strategy Strategy Dutch Spy To defeat the defense and resistance of Aceh, the Netherlands uses Dr. Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje disguised for 2 years in the interior of Aceh to research the community and state administration of Aceh. The results of his work was recorded under the title Aceh People [De Acehers]. In the book mentioned strategy how to conquer Aceh. The proposed strategy of Snouck Hurgronje to Dutch Military Governor Joannes Benedictus van Heutsz was that the Keumala [ie, the Sultan domiciled in Keumala] with his followers be put aside. Keep attacking & hitting the clerics constantly. Do not negotiate with guerrilla leaders. Establish a permanent base in Aceh Raya. Show the good intentions of the Dutch to the people of Aceh, by establishing langgar, mosque, repairing irrigation roads & helping the social work of the people of Aceh. It turned out that Dr Snouck Hurgronje's ploy was accepted by Van Heutz who was the military & civilian governor of Aceh [1898-1904]. Then Dr. Snouck Hurgronje was appointed as his advisor.