The geopolitical landscape of the Middle East has recently undergone a historic shift, challenging the long-standing hegemony of the United States and opening new avenues for China to expand its influence. The main driver of this shift is the "Strategic Mutual Defense Agreement" signed between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan on September 17, 2025. According to the agreement, an attack on either country will be considered an aggression on both and they will jointly repel it. The presence of Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Pakistani Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif and Army Chief General Asim Munir at the signing in Riyadh further underscores its importance. The agreement, according to the argument, not only strengthens the security of the two countries, but also begins to reduce US influence by establishing nuclear-armed Pakistan at the heart of the Middle East. This is reshaping the strategic equations in South Asia and the Middle East, while also gradually undermining the future of India under the leadership of Hindutva Narendra Modi, as is evident from the strategic implications of this agreement.
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