If caffeine works then pre-workout should be effective as well because that stuff gets you wired. But as far as pathophys works; I believe it constricts blood cells and accelerates your heart rate in the same way by triggering your adrenal glands. I am not recommending this... just saying.
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The problem with pre-workout is that they contain much more than caffeine. Each pre-workout has a different chemical profile and often times they're "proprietary" blends. Coffee/tea, more straight forward.
But, I know companies are starting to produce completely open ingredient list pre-workouts so, we'll have to review and see their makeup.