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Water stress refers to a situation in which the demand for water exceeds the availability of this vital resource, i.e. when there is not enough water to meet the needs of people, animals and plants.
This can occur due to a variety of factors, such as climate change, population growth, poor water management and overexploitation of water resources.
When we talk about water stress, it is important to understand that it is not only about the lack of water itself, but also about the quality of the water available.
In many parts of the world, drinking water is contaminated, which further aggravates the problem of water stress.
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Water stress has significant consequences for both humans and the environment.
At the human level, water scarcity affects people's health and well-being. Lack of access to clean and safe water can lead to waterborne diseases such as cholera and dysentery. In addition, lack of adequate water for hygiene and basic sanitation can have a negative impact on the quality of life of communities.
On the environmental side, water stress can lead to the degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Rivers, lakes and wetlands can dry up, affecting the flora and fauna that depend on them.
In addition, overexploitation of water resources can lead to salinisation of soils, making it difficult for crops to grow.
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It is important to address water stress in a holistic and sustainable manner. This involves implementing water conservation measures such as rainwater harvesting and storage, reuse of treated wastewater, and adoption of more water-efficient agricultural practices.
It is also essential to promote awareness and education on the importance of conserving this valuable resource.
Water stress is a global challenge that requires everyone to work together to find solutions.
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