In the last publications we have been talking about the use of an agroecological product whose name is EM “efficient microorganisms” bears that name because it is a product is made with forest soil and other elements that allow the multiplication of these microorganisms, since an ideal environment is generated for them. There is a lot of confidence in this product, because the idea is to supply the soil with not only nutritional elements but also organisms that allow maintaining the natural activities or processes that allow maintaining fertility and biological biodiversity in soil.
Based on the aforementioned, the action on the soil of the possible microorganisms that are taken when using forest soil will be described below, this information is based on what was reported by its creator Higa in 1994. Let's get started!
| Photosynthetic or Phototrophic Bacteria |
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These photosynthetic bacteria are self-sufficient and independent microorganisms. They synthesize the useful substances produced by the secretion of roots and organic matter using sunlight and soil heat as energy sources. The beneficial substances are composed of amino acids, sugars, among other substances, which help the growth and development of plants. These metabolites are absorbed directly by plants acting also as substrates for the development of bacteria, as photosynthetic bacteria grow in soils they increase the amount of other effective microorganisms.
| Lactic Acid Bacteria |
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Lactic acid bacteria produce acids from sugars and other carbohydrates from photosynthetic bacteria and yeasts. Lactic acid is a powerful sterilizer because it fights harmful microorganisms and accelerates the decomposition of organic materials. On the other hand, lactic acid bacteria facilitate the fermentation of materials such as cellulose and stems, thus avoiding causing damages similar to those that occur when these materials decompose. Lactic acid bacteria have the ability to suppress the spread of fussarium which is a pathogenic microorganism that causes disease problems in crops.
| Yeasts |
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Yeasts synthesize and use the antimicrobial substances involved in plant growth, from the amino acids and sugars produced by photosynthetic bacteria, as well as those from organic matter and plant roots. Bioactive substances such as hormones and enzymes produced by yeasts increase cellular activity and the number of roots. Their secretions are useful substrates for certain effective microorganisms, such as lactic acid bacteria and Actinomycetes.
| Actinomycetes |
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The structure of the Actinomycetes is intermediate between that of bacteria and fungi, it produces antimicrobial substances from the amino acids and sugars produced by photosynthetic bacteria and organic matter. Those antimicrobial substances suppress harmful fungi and pathogenic bacteria. Actinomycetes can coexist with photosynthetic bacteria. Thus, both species improve the quality of soils through increased microbial activity.
| Fermentation Mushrooms |
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Fermentation fungi such as Aspergillus and Penicillium act by rapidly decomposing organic matter to produce alcohol, esters and antimicrobial substances. This is what deodorization produces and prevents the appearance of harmful insects and worms.
Dear readers, as can be seen from the description of the action of microorganisms, it can be said that photosynthetic bacteria are the pivot of EM technology, because they support the activities of other microorganisms, in addition to using various substances produced by other microorganisms. When the product known as EM efficient Microorganisms is applied and they develop efficiently in the soil, the presence of pathogens is progressively reduced. On the other hand, it is important to mention that the roots also produce substances such as carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids and enzymes that are used by microorganisms to develop. During this process they also secrete substances and provide amino acids, nucleic acids, and a large amount of vitamins and hormones to the plants, that is why, in these soils efficient microorganisms and other beneficial bacteria coexist in the area of the roots of the plants sometimes generating symbiosis with it.
| Bibliographic references |
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Higa, T. (1994). Beneficial and Effective Microorganisms for a Sustainable Agriculture and Environment. Atami, Japan: International Nature Farming Research Center.
Higa, T. (1994). Effective Microorganisms: A New Dimension for Nature Farming.
Sources
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