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Germany employs a mixed-member proportional representation (MMP) electoral system, where each voter casts two votes: one for a candidate in their local district and another for a political party. This system ensures that legislative seats in the Bundestag reflect the overall party vote, while also requiring parties to meet a minimum threshold—either at least 5% of the national vote or winning three direct seats—to secure representation.
Major Political Parties in Germany
The German political scene is dominated by several key parties, each with distinct ideologies and voter bases:
1. Social Democratic Party (SPD)
Color: Red
Position: Center-Left
Focus: Social welfare and workers' rights