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Gradual divergences, including varying approaches to theology and practices such as clerical celibacy and the Eucharist, fostered an atmosphere of growing animosity. These theological differences were exacerbated by political tensions and conflicts, leading to the eventual schism.
The Great Schism
In 1054, tensions reached a boiling point, culminating in what is known as the Great Schism. A disagreement over doctrinal changes, particularly the inclusion of the "filioque" clause in the Nicene Creed, illustrated the deepening rift between the Eastern and Western churches. As both sides excommunicated each other, the divide solidified, resulting in distinct paths for the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.