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Located in the Pacific region of Melanesia, Bougainville comprises two main islands—Bougainville Island and Buka Island. While Buka holds the capital and the only international airport, Bougainville Island is home to the majority of the population. The islands are characterized by rugged terrain, where transportation relies more on boats and footpaths than on formal infrastructure, leading to close-knit communities and a rich seafaring culture.