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After formal alignment with Napoleon in 1808, Denmark-Norway quickly found itself embroiled in the brutal realities of conflict, with dwindling resources and continuing British blockades leading to misery and hardship for its populace. The defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Leipzig in 1813 marked a turning point for Denmark-Norway, culminating in the Treaty of Kiel, which saw Norway ceded to Sweden, igniting a spark of independence under Prince Christian Frederick. His efforts led to the formation of a national assembly and the signing of Norway's constitution in 1814, a significant step towards self-governance, albeit under Swedish rule.