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Cantor introduced the concept of different sizes of infinity. In his 1874 study, he drew comparisons between natural numbers and real numbers. His remarkable Diagonalization Proof illustrated that there are more real numbers between zero and one than natural numbers. Cantor's findings were groundbreaking, proving that infinity is not monolithic but rather varied—categorizing infinities into countable and uncountable.
Despite the critical acclaim his theories received, they also instigated significant backlash. Cantor's pursuit to establish a definitive ordering among infinite sets culminated in mental health struggles, resulting in multiple nervous breakdowns.