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Kashmir's historical timeline begins in the 19th century when it was one of many princely states within British-controlled India. Upon the end of British rule in August 1947, Kashmir’s Hindu ruler chose to seek independence despite its Muslim-majority populace. This choice was short-lived, as an invasion from Pakistani tribal groups quickly led to the conflict's inception. Indian forces intervened, resulting in a war that culminated in the establishment of a UN-mediated ceasefire, dividing Kashmir into zones controlled by each country.