Part 2/11:
At the heart of Professor Payne's insights is the definition of grand strategy itself: the integration of multiple instruments of national power to achieve specific national goals. This contrasts with military strategy, which tends to focus purely on the tactical and operational levels of warfare. In war and peacetime alike, nations set goals—strengthening their economies, ensuring security, and maximizing prosperity for their citizens. The question of whether democracies like the U.S. can maintain a coherent grand strategy emerges amid contrasting views on governance between democratic and autocratic regimes.