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The island's landscape is dominated by volcanic rock and sparse vegetation, primarily mosses and grasses. Jan Mayen also features two lagoons, Sørlaguna and Nordlaguna, which rest at the lowest elevations on the island, connected by a narrow isthmus. Geologists classify Jan Mayen as a microcontinent, a fragment of continental crust that has separated from its parent tectonic plate, adding another layer of geological significance to this isolated landform.