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The exact perpetrators of the attack remain unclear, as a relatively unknown group, the Resistance Front (TRF), initially claimed responsibility. However, this claim was later retracted, allegedly due to a cyber intrusion. India, nonetheless, remains adamant that Pakistan is to blame, accusing Islamabad of harboring terrorists. Consequently, India imposed various diplomatic measures against Pakistan, including downgrading ties, suspending the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty, and cancelling visas.
In retaliation, Pakistan announced its own diplomatic and economic countermeasures. This backdrop set the stage for military action, which escalated dramatically on May 7.