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Diminished scales are unique, symmetrical scales characterized by their alternating half and whole steps, creating an octatonic (eight-note) pattern. Depending on their starting point and function, they can follow either the whole-half or half-whole step pattern. For example, the F diminished scale can serve different harmonic functions based on its arrangement.
Beato highlights the structure of the diminished scale as a collection of two diminished 7th chords a whole step apart. For instance, starting from F, the scale includes the notes of F diminished 7 (F, A♭, C♭, E♭♭) and G diminished 7 (G, B♭, D♭, F♭). These chords form the building blocks of the scale's harmonic landscape.