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Contains the fundamental frequencies underpinning bass and kick drums. While essential for fullness and power—especially in hip-hop and EDM—these frequencies demand appropriate speakers like subwoofers for accurate reproduction, as typical small speakers often can't handle or render them effectively.
2. Bass (60–250Hz):
Encompasses the body of bass guitars and the "fat" in a mix. Controlling this range is crucial; excessive bass can muddy a mix, while too little can make it thin.
3. Low Mids (250–500Hz):
Contribute to warmth and richness. Overemphasizing this range can make a track sound "woofy" or muddy.
4. Midrange (500Hz–2kHz):
The heart of most instruments and vocals. Familiarity with this range enables precise EQ adjustments to enhance clarity and presence.