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5. Upper Mids (2kHz–4kHz):
Critical for definition; these frequencies make instruments and vocals cut through the mix. They also contain essential snare and guitar attack components.
6. Presence (4kHz–6kHz):
Adds brightness and clarity to vocals and instruments; boosting this range can bring a track forward in a mix.
7. Brilliance and Air (6kHz–20kHz):
Responsible for the "shine" or "air" in recordings—such as cymbals, reverb tails, and high harmonics. Overemphasizing can lead to harshness, but proper use imparts sparkle and stereo width.
Instrument Frequency Ranges and Their Signatures
Rick links specific frequencies to particular instruments, illustrating how subtle EQ adjustments can alter their perceived character:
- Piano: