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Moving onto lookup functions, candidates frequently encounter tasks involving VLOOKUP and XLOOKUP. VLOOKUP, an accessible and universally used function, allows users to search for a specific value in a dataset and return a related piece of information. In a hypothetical scenario, looking up department IDs to retrieve manager names demonstrates practical application within organizational data. As Excel evolves, candidates should also be aware of newer functions like XLOOKUP, which provide enhanced capabilities for dynamic data analysis.