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Physical and mental alertness is essential for optimal learning. Engaging in stimulating activities can increase alertness through the body's fight-or-flight response, boosting levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Strategies for increased alertness include exercise, breathing techniques, such as Wim Hof breathing, and even brief exposure to stressors, which can temporarily enhance focus.
Yet, excessive stress can lead to detrimental effects on memory and learning. Caffeine consumption can also improve alertness, but it's advisable to avoid heavy meals before study sessions, as they can lead to reduced attention.