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Gollum’s persona is marked by internal conflict. As depicted in the second volume, "The Two Towers", Frodo and Sam find themselves in the desolate region of Emyn Muil, where Gollum, whom they identify as their guide, trails behind them. Frodo's compassion allows him to see the flickers of humanity in Gollum, which others overlook.
The moment Frodo decides to spare Gollum during a fight reveals the potential for understanding and rehabilitation that lies within Gollum's corrupted soul. This relationship marks one of the series' most poignant explorations of mercy and the possibility of redemption through empathy.