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The syndrome's primary symptoms include swelling of the optic nerve, flattening of the back of the eye, and difficulties in focusing. While many of these changes may reverse upon returning to Earth, the long-term consequences of extended space stays remain largely misunderstood. This represents a considerable challenge for ambitious missions aimed at exploring distant worlds, such as Mars, where astronauts could face permanent vision impairments.
Researchers have identified that the fluid accumulation in the upper body and head during space missions elevates pressure in both the eyes and the brain. Consequently, the recent studies conducted on astronauts pre-and post-mission have revealed drops in ocular rigidity and intraocular pressure, among other complications.