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However, his alliance with Za'inal Abedin was short-lived—lasting less than 100 days—due to disagreements over foreign loans, taxation, and modernization policies. By mid-1921, Raza had effectively seized control, setting the stage for future leadership ambitions.
Significance and Legacy
The 1921 coup marked a turning point in Persia’s modern history. It ended the era of foreign-controlled governments and initiated a process of internal centralization that would eventually lead to the rise of Reza Shah and the formal creation of the Pahlavi dynasty in subsequent years. This event also highlighted the complex interplay between foreign powers' strategic ambitions and burgeoning nationalist aspirations within Persia.