Part 10/13:
By November 1921, Karl's forces disbanded or deserted. He was compelled to abdicate unconditionally and was taken into custody. He and his wife, Tita, were escorted out of Hungary under allied supervision and sent into exile to Madeira, Portugal, where he lived until his death.
Karl died in 1922 of pneumonia at the age of 34, marking the end of the Habsburg dreams of restoration in Hungary.
Aftermath: Hungary’s Political and Social Turmoil
The failed royalist coups in 1921 underscored the deep divisions in Hungary. Monarchists, aristocrats, and traditionalists faced off against those advocating for a republic or democratic governance. The royalist episodes also highlighted the fragile nature of Central Europe’s peace—a region still prone to instability even years after WWI.