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Voltage Transformation: Using a transformer, Tesla could increase the voltage significantly in the secondary coil compared to the primary coil. When the secondary coil has more turns of wire than the primary, the output voltage surpasses the input voltage. This mechanism can be likened to stacking batteries in a series where the total voltage increases with each additional unit.
Magnetic Coupling and Resonance: Tesla coils deliberately utilize low magnetic coupling between the primary and secondary coils. This unconventional setup allows the secondary circuit to continue oscillating independently, similar to a pendulum continuing its movement after receiving an initial push.