Part 2/10:
The exploration of Mars dates back to the early 1960s, predominantly led by the USSR and the USA. The Russian Marsnik program, which commenced in 1960, suffered from numerous failures, including missions that crashed or veered off course. In 1965, the United States achieved a milestone with Mariner 4, making the first successful flyby of Mars. This marked the beginning of a long history of space exploration, leading to over 50 missions—some successful, others not.