Part 2/8:
PCR testing is a method utilized to amplify and detect specific genetic material within a sample, which is critical when dealing with viral infections such as COVID-19. The tests typically begin with taking a swab from the nasopharynx or other bodily fluids. The essence of PCR lies in its ability to amplify viral RNA, which is crucial for diagnosing infections that might not have a significant viral load in early stages.
The Science Behind the Process
The PCR process involves several steps:
Sample Collection: A swab is taken from the patient, which may contain a mixture of human cells, virus particles, and other microbes.
Reverse Transcription: Since COVID-19 is an RNA virus, the first step involves converting RNA into complementary DNA (cDNA).