Part 9/12:
Jay-Z’s own references to Crowley, such as wearing a shirt emblazoned with Crowley’s famous quote, “Do what thou wilt,” showcase a direct homage to Crowley’s ideology and suggest that Jay-Z is not just dabbling in symbolism but may be consciously promoting ideas attributed to this notorious figure. By doing so, the rapper contributes to the ongoing normalization of occult symbolism in mainstream culture, whether intentionally or not.