Part 4/19:
Our scientific footprint—the collective capacity of knowledge—grows over time, revealing limitations in our current models. Early on, simple models like '3' or 'B' fit the observed data, serving as preliminary approximations. But as our understanding deepens, these models are invalidated by counterexamples. For instance, what once fit a '3' model now clearly is a 'B' as new data emerges, illustrating the importance of continually revising our understanding.