Part 2/15:
The speaker begins with simple illustrative examples—such as a boat causing a bell on a buoy to ring—emphasizing that causality involves a clear cause-and-effect relationship. However, real-world phenomena often involve a chain of causal steps: energy transfer from the boat to water, wave propagation, energy transfer to the buoy, and eventually to the bell. This chain must adhere to strict mechanistic logic; otherwise, the explanation becomes trivial or mystical, i.e., voodoo.