Part 3/6:
Once liberated, the electrons are attracted toward the positively charged anode. However, the presence of the magnetic field, generated by the two magnets, influences this journey. The magnetic field's orientation causes the electrons' paths to bend—a phenomenon described by the Lorentz force. Instead of traveling straight to the anode, the electrons spiral in a circular or pinwheel motion within the vacuum chamber.
This spiraling motion causes the electrons to pass through grooves cut into the copper ring. As the negatively charged electrons pass over these grooves, they induce oscillations in the electromagnetic field inside the ring. These oscillations produce electromagnetic waves at a very particular and high frequency—microwaves.