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Cavity Resonators: Metallic boxes with apertures, which resonate at specific microwave frequencies.
Collector: Positioned after the resonators, collecting the electrons post-interaction.
The resonators are maintained at positive potentials relative to the cathode, creating an electric field that accelerates electrons towards the first cavity. The electrons then pass through grids or apertures in the cavity, continuing toward the collector, but their velocities are influenced by the electromagnetic fields within the resonators, making the entire process possible.
The Amplification Process
The key to amplification lies in the interaction between the electron beam and the oscillating electromagnetic fields within the cavity resonators. Here's a step-by-step breakdown: