Part 7/10:
Bunching Effect: These velocity differences cause electrons to bunch together in space as faster electrons catch up with slower ones, forming brief, high-density groups.
Resonant Timing: The second cavity is positioned where these bunches arrive in synchronization with its resonance, stimulating it to produce a more vigorous electromagnetic response.
Conversion of Electron Kinetic Energy to Electromagnetic Energy
The key to amplification in a klystron is the conversion of the electron beam's kinetic energy into electromagnetic energy:
- Energy Balance: In the first cavity, the overall energy remains balanced because roughly equal numbers of electrons are accelerated and decelerated, resulting in minimal net energy transfer.