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Moving through the Middle Ages, particularly into the 12th and 13th centuries, music underwent another significant transformation. The earliest forms of polyphony, often termed free organum, emerged where individual melodic lines could now move independently, expanding the complexity and richness of choral sound.
This period also saw the advent of poly-textual music, where multiple texts could coexist within a single composition. Composers combined sacred Latin liturgical texts with secular elements, reflecting societal changes as music began merging religious and worldly themes.