Part 5/14:
Among the Hellenistic philosophies, Stoicism stands out as the most noble and impactful. Emphasizing virtue over pleasure, Stoicism regards living in accord with nature as the highest goal. The Stoics teach that a wise person fears only the failure to live virtuously, not external events—pain, death, poverty—since these lie outside personal control.
The core Stoic doctrine holds that only one’s thoughts, intentions, and actions are within their direct control. The wise individual masters their will and emotions, accepting that external circumstances are indifferent or beyond influence. This approach makes Stoicism especially suitable for active citizens—soldiers, politicians, and philosophers—who seek virtue and public service over personal gain or transient pleasures.