Part 10/14:
A pivotal contribution of Stoicism, especially in the Roman period, is the idea of the cosmopolitan. Marcus Aurelius, embodying this outlook, sees every person as a citizen of the universe, transcending local or cultural identities. Nature is universal, and living harmoniously with it entails recognizing oneself as part of a global community.
This philosophy fosters tolerance and moral responsibility extending beyond one's city-state or nation, emphasizing that ethical duties belong to all humanity. Despite the chaos of multitudes, the Stoic recognizes that true order and happiness come from within and from relations with others based on justice and reason.